Chad Country Overview
Where is Chad located? The Republic of Chad is a landlocked country located in central Africa. The official languages in Chad are Arabic and French, which bears witness to the colonial era. On the time zone map, Chad is in the world time zone “West Africa Time”, where there is a time difference of +1 hour to the world clock. As in most African countries, there is no daylight saving time change in Chad due to its proximity to the equator.
Bordering Countries of Chad
According to abbreviationfinder, Chad is a landlocked country located in Central Africa, with a total of six international borders. To the north lies Libya, to the east is Sudan, the south are both Central African Republic and Cameroon, and to the west are Niger and Nigeria. Although Chad does not share any maritime boundaries, it does have access to the Mediterranean Sea via Libya.
Chad’s border with Libya stretches for 1,055 km (655 mi) from Faya-Largeau at its northern end all the way until it reaches Tibesti region at its southern end near Niger’s border. This boundary was established through an agreement between both countries during colonial era when French Equatorial Africa was divided into two separate regions.
The border between Chad and Sudan is 880 km (547 mi) long and runs from Darfur region in Sudan’s east all the way to Wadi Howar at its western end near Niger’s border. This boundary has been subject to several disputes since it was established but has remained largely unchanged since 2008 when both countries signed a treaty confirming their respective rights & obligations over this area.
The Chad-Central African Republic boundary stretches for 956 km (594 mi) from Bamingui-Bangoran prefecture in Central African Republic’s west all the way until it reaches Logone Occidental region at its eastern end near Cameroon’s border. This boundary was established through an agreement between both countries during colonial era when French Equatorial Africa was divided into two separate regions.
The Chad-Cameroon boundary consists of a small maritime border that runs for 449 km (279 mi) from Douala at its western end all the way until it reaches Cross River at its eastern end near Nigeria’s coast. This boundary has been subject to several disputes since it was established but has remained largely unchanged since 1975 when both countries signed a treaty confirming their respective rights & obligations over this area.
Finally, Chad shares a lengthy land border with Niger that stretches for 1,175 km (730 mi) from Zinder region in Niger’s northeast all the way until it reaches Tibesti region at its southwestern end near Libya’s border. This boundary was established through an agreement between both countries during colonial era when French West Africa was divided into two separate regions.
Overall, Chad has six international borders which have helped shape its identity throughout history and have allowed it to develop strong ties with its neighboring countries while maintaining its own unique culture & traditions.
Population Distribution
As of 2023, the latest population of Chad is 16,877,357, based on our calculation of the current data from UN (United Nations).
| Total population | 16,877,357 |
| Population growth rate | 3.18% |
| Birth rate | 35.60 births per 1,000 people |
| Life expectancy | |
| Overall life expectancy | 49.07 years |
| Men life expectancy | 47.95 years |
| Women life expectancy | 50.22 years |
| Age structure | |
| 0-14 years | 48.12% |
| 15-64 years | 49.47% |
| 65 years and above | 2.39% |
| Median age | 17.40 years |
| Gender ratio (Male to Female) | 0.93 |
| Population density | 13.14 residents per km² |
| Urbanization | 24.90% |
| Ethnicities | |
| approx. 200 ethnic groups: approx. 15% Sudanese Arabs; 40% Islamic peoples (Kanembu, Boulala, Hadjerai, Dadjo, Maba, Tubu-Daza, Tama, Zaghawa and others; in the S 30% Sara and others; Hausa, Fulbe) | |
| Religions | |
| Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous religions (mainly animism) 25% | |
| Human Development Index (HDI) | 0.401 |
| HDI ranking | 187th out of 194 |
People in Chad
More than 15 million people live in Chad. With a birthrate of almost six (5.7) children per woman, the population is growing rapidly. It increases by 2.8 percent per year. That is one of the highest values in the world.
The population is therefore also very young. 47 percent of all Chadians are under 15 years old! The average age of all residents is only 16.1 years. However, life expectancy is low. It is only 58 years.
Most of the Chadians live in the south of the country. The desert in the north is home to only a few nomads. Overall, only 23 percent live in cities, so the majority live in rural areas.
The Sara, who live in the south of the country, form the largest group with 30 percent. Arabs form the second largest group with 12 percent. They live more in the north of the country. The Tubu are also at home there. Their central settlement area is in and around the Tibesti Mountains.
Zaghawa live in the east of the country and the adjacent areas in Sudan. The President of Chad, Idriss Déby, is a Zaghawa. The Kanembu live on Lake Chad. Other larger ethnic groups are the Ouaddau and the Hadjarai.
Languages in Chad
The official languages in Chad are French and Arabic. Arabic is spoken by around a quarter of the population – as a mother tongue or as a second language, while French is only spoken by a small minority. However, a total of around 120 languages are spoken in the country. The most common among them is the language of the Sara people, who form the largest ethnic group in Chad.
Religions in Chad
In the north of the country there are mainly Muslims, in the south Christians. A total of 53 percent belong to Islam, 34 percent are Christians (20 percent Catholics and 14 percent Protestants). 7 percent follow the traditional African natural religions. Some of these are mixed with Christian elements. The country is also culturally divided into an Arab-Islamic north and a black African- Christian south.